Dysprosium (HREE)
Dysprosium is a heavy rare earth metal crucial for making permanent magnets that can withstand high temperatures, such as those used in wind turbine generators.
China dominates the extraction and refining of dysprosium, controlling about 80% of global production, which gives the country significant political power. However, this dominance can create uncertainty in global supply chains. Australia is becoming an important alternative supplier and is increasing its refining capacity to help diversify the supply chain.
Dysprosium is essential for making magnets that don’t lose their magnetic properties at high temperatures, which is vital for wind turbines and electric vehicles. Mining dysprosium can have significant environmental and health impacts, leading to international pressure to improve working conditions and reduce environmental damage. Australia has focused on more sustainable mining methods and stricter environmental regulations.